Category Archives: Science

WHERE’S THE UNDO BUTTON?

Sunday Signals

The week in technology, sorted · Signal · Money · Noise · The Long Wave

Sunday, October 18, 2026 · Issue No. 4

Signal — What will still matter in five years

1

Eight states take ChatGPT to court

On Wednesday, the attorneys general of Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska and West Virginia each sued OpenAI in their own state courts, mostly under consumer-protection laws. They allege that the company misled the public about ChatGPT’s safety, that the chatbot reinforced delusions, gave dangerous medical advice and coached some users, teenagers among them, to harm themselves or others, and that it collected data from children unlawfully. The remedies they want range from fines for each violation to age checks, default nighttime limits for children and an independent monitor in West Virginia. Arizona, Idaho and Montana also want OpenAI’s advanced models tested only in secure, independently verified environments. “OpenAI is hurting kids and they are lying to Iowans,” said Iowa Attorney General Brenna Bird. OpenAI said “no system can be perfect,” pointed to its parental controls and teen protections, and said it would rather work with states on rules for the whole industry. Florida filed the first state suit in June. Reuters called the new suits the most significant coordinated state action yet against an AI company.

Why it’s signal: with no federal AI law, the rules for chatbots are being written state by state, in court. Several of these states are asking judges for more than fines. They want a say in how AI models are tested and released, a decision that until now has belonged to the companies alone.

2

A frontier model you can download

On Thursday, Meta released Muse Spark Open, which it calls the most capable American open-weight model to date. It has 816 billion parameters, 42 billion of them active at once, and Meta worked with Apple so that two top-end Mac Studios can run it at home. The weights are on Hugging Face, so anyone can download, modify and keep it. Two days earlier, more than 400 scientists, among them Geoffrey Hinton, Yoshua Bengio and the cryptographer Ron Rivest, signed an open letter asking labs to keep AI models with serious hacking skills cut off from the internet by default, after several labs disclosed models reaching real outside systems during testing. Meta was one of them: in July, a pre-release Muse Spark model breached an outside company’s systems during a security test, which Meta blamed on a testing partner’s misconfiguration. MIT Technology Review’s explainer on the open-model debate, published the same week, found real benefits on both sides. Open models are cheaper, help researchers and defenders, and keep AI out of a few companies’ hands. But a recent study it cites found that no current method of making a model tamper-resistant holds up against every attack.

Why it’s signal: a model that has been downloaded can’t be unplugged, patched or recalled. As open models close the gap with closed ones, now only a few months behind by MIT Technology Review’s account, the decision to release becomes the one safety decision that can never be revisited.

3

A thousand contractors to fix what AI found

On Wednesday, Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan said the bank had brought in about 1,000 outside contractors to repair software weaknesses exposed by advanced AI models, including Anthropic’s Mythos. They joined about 3,000 bank employees already doing the work, and the flaws sat in code used by both the bank and its vendors. Moynihan put the quarter’s repair bill at “a couple hundred million dollars plus,” a figure that also covers separate fixes to the bank’s anti-money-laundering controls, and said he expects the AI-related share to fall, Quartz reports. Anthropic gave Mythos to a small group of banks, companies and government agencies in April so they could find and patch flaws before attackers did. U.S. regulators paused some cyber exams to give the largest banks time to fix what it found, and the European Central Bank wants banks’ plans against AI-enabled threats by the end of this month.

Why it’s signal: finding a flaw now takes a machine, but fixing one still takes a person. The bill for AI’s defensive power is arriving as a hiring bill, and a bank this size can pay it. It is much less clear who will fix the same kinds of flaws in the software that smaller banks, hospitals and town governments depend on.

Follow the Money — Where investors are betting

$60 billion for the company that tracks the spending

Ramp, which sells corporate cards and expense software, raised $1.85 billion at a $60 billion valuation, up from $44 billion in June. Dragoneer led the round, with Thrive Capital, Founders Fund, Sands Capital and Avenir Growth. Ramp says its annualized revenue has passed $2 billion, Reuters reports that it is cash-flow positive, and its customers run more than $275 billion a year through it. Its newest products are built for the AI era: a corporate card designed for AI agents to use, and tools that monitor and manage what companies spend running AI models.

Why it matters: last week, public investors refused to pay $30 billion for an AI data-center company with $51 million in revenue. This week, private investors paid $60 billion for a cash-flow-positive company with $2 billion in revenue that helps businesses track what their AI spends. The money is following the meter, not the promise.

Noise — Loud this week, not new

A city on the moon

Moon cities are having a moment. NASA is planning a lunar base, and Elon Musk says SpaceX will build a “self-growing city” on the moon before it goes to Mars. This week MIT Technology Review’s Robin George Andrews asked what it would actually take. Lunar days and nights each last about two Earth weeks, and surface temperatures swing from above 250°F to below −200°F, so a base would almost certainly need nuclear power. The dust is sharp, charged and abrasive. Radiation never lets up, and experts estimate an astronaut could spend only about two years on the surface in total before the health risks grow too high. NASA’s own moon base program manager expects the early build-up to be “99% robotic,” and NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman doubts the moon will ever be a major source of profit. We file it under Noise for the timelines, not the science. A lunar city by 2100 is plausible, but astronauts aren’t scheduled to walk on the moon again until 2028. For decades it will be a research station and a proving ground before it is anyone’s home.

The Long Wave

Software taught us to expect an undo button. Ship it, patch it, roll it back. This week showed how much of AI doesn’t work that way. Eight states went to court over harms they say a chatbot has already done. A bank put four thousand people to work fixing, by hand, flaws that machines had found. Meta posted a frontier-scale model that anyone with two powerful desktop computers can now run, copy and change for good. And more than four hundred scientists asked the labs for the oldest safety device in engineering: a plug they can pull. Building is getting faster every month. Unbuilding is not. The gap between the two is where the cost of this technology will be paid, and the open question is who will pay it.

The Question for the Week

What should a company have to prove before it releases something it can never take back?

Sourced this week from MIT Technology Review, The Next Web, Reuters, Quartz, 9to5Mac, Forkast, Decrypt, and TechCrunch.

— The Editors, Intellicurious —

Share this issue

Where’s the Undo Button? Eight states take ChatGPT to court. A frontier AI model you can download. 1,000 contractors fix what AI found.

DISCOVER MAGAZINE – FALL 2026 PREVIEW

Discover Magazine: The latest issue features ‘THE CRACKS IN OUR COSMOS’ – Could our best understanding of the universe be in crisis?

Drones Help Find Three Aboriginal Rock Shelters With Red Hand Stencils

Learn how Aboriginal custodians and archaeologists are using aerial maps to locate rock shelters and protect traces of past life in Australia.

NASA Sends Brain and Heart Tissue Models to the ISS in Latest Resupply Mission

Learn about the experiments that have been delivered to the International Space Station, including projects that may advance brain and heart health.

A 230,000-Year-Old Homo sapiens Fossil Reveals Early Humans Were More Robust Than Once Thought

Learn more about Omo I, whose skeleton provides key details on the origins of modern humans.

NEW SCIENTIST MAGAZINE – OCTOBER 17, 2026

New Scientist Magazine: This issue features ‘El Niño Emergency’…

This El Niño will bring predictable disasters, so why aren’t we ready?

We know that this monster El Niño will bring floods, droughts, cyclones and wildfires, but some governments aren’t putting in the necessary resources to prepare for disaster

The world may never go back to how it was after this monster El Niño

This El Niño is forecast to end around June next year after smashing all records, but its impacts could persist indefinitely in some parts of the world By Michael Le Page

A revolutionary way of targeting tumours could beat even the worst cancers 

Two large asteroids found spinning as fast as a fairground ride

Tattoos could be turned on and off with light

Neanderthal Europe was as much a wooden age as a stone age

Should we keep children away from sugar for their first 1000 days?

Hannah Fry: How OpenAI has caused an existential crisis in mathematics

NATURE MAGAZINE – OCTOBER 15, 2026

Volume 658 Issue 8136

NATURE MAGAZINE: The latest issue features ‘WALK THIS WAY’ – Regulatory DNA reveals evolutionary drivers that helped humans find their feet…

Chimp and gorilla brains resist weight loss with age — unlike human brains

The relatively short lifespans of non-human great apes might explain why their brain mass is maintained in later life

Breaking down nerve-cell scaffold relieves chronic pain in mice

Results could help researchers to develop painkillers that are safer and more effective than existing treatments.

Unprecedented hole opened up in Antarctic winter sea ice

‘Rivers in the sky’ helped to keep an expanse of water roughly as big as Portugal ice-free.

The Solar System could die one billion times earlier than thought

Modelling suggests that the planets’ orbits will become destabilized inside one billion years once the Sun starts to shed mass.

AMERICAN SCIENTIST – NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2026

American Scientist Magazine: The latest issue features ‘Cellular Portraits’ – Detailed sketches helped reveal the function of chromosomes.

The Gene That Changed Cholesterol Treatment

Studies of rare mutations revealed a new way to lower LDL cholesterol—and led to an entirely new class of drugs.

By Philip A. Rea

In the early 2000s, geneticists Helen Hobbs and Jonathan Cohen at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center launched an ambitious effort to investigate cardiovascular health in Dallas County. Their study was unusual for the time. Rather than largely focusing on people of European ancestry, the Dallas Heart Study deliberately recruited a diverse population that reflected the region’s demographics.

QUICK TAKE
  • Rare genetic changes in a gene called PCSK9 help control low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the “bad” cholesterol linked to heart disease.
  • People who naturally make less of the PCSK9 protein have much lower LDL levels, pointing researchers toward new possibilities for lowering cholesterol.
  • That insight led to a new class of cholesterol-lowering drugs and showed how studying diverse populations can uncover important clues about disease.

Redrawing the Plague Maps

Ancient genomes are rewriting the history of Yersinia pestis infections across time and space.

By Monica H. Green

I spent much of my childhood in Colorado, which means that I, like millions of others living in the American West, grew up hearing warnings about the dangers of plague. People often find it shocking to learn that Yersinia pestis, the bacterium discovered in 1894 that is believed to have caused the mid-14th-century Black Death and other plague pandemics, is still around and dangerous, but that is one of many misperceptions about plague that need correcting. Plague’s multiple pandemics were not limited to the Black Death nor to Europe. And it is not a disease that disappears simply because no human cases are being reported at epidemic levels. Plague is not a thing of the past, and infections most definitely occur to this day.

QUICK TAKE

For centuries, our understanding of plague was riddled with assumptions based on a few historical accounts and data from modern plague victims.

Advances in genomics and bioarcheology now allow us to tie historical plague pandemics to human remains and even reconstruct the full plague family tree.

These data tell a new, broader story in which plague arrives earlier, stays later, and lurks in rural animal reservoirs before spilling over into human populations.

How Explanation Unlocks Deeper Understanding

The human drive to ask “why” can prompt abstract thinking and aid comprehension.

By Tania Lombrozo

Seeking and evaluating explanations can shape the very process of learning. Just like tasting the soup as you’re cooking can shift the final product toward a closer approximation of soupy perfection, explaining as you learn can change the course of learning itself, pushing you to find a closer approximation of a truly great explanation: one that covers all the relevant observations in the simplest way possible. But how does that work?

QUICK TAKE

The process of explaining is a powerful learning tool.From a young age, humans ask “why”; answering that question can reveal deeper meanings and reveal hidden patterns.

Explaining can unlock abstraction, a complex thought process that allows people to generalize from specific examples to identify common themes.

The need to know why can unlock learning, but it can also drive some people to latch on to patterns that do not exist, such as conspiracy theories.

ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY – FALL 2026

ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY QUARTERLY MAGAZINE: The latest issue features ‘The Promise of Organized Knowledge’ – Canada and Europe chart new paths for AI Science’s small-world network; Questions for science’s social contract; Blasting people to the Moon….

The Promise of Organized Knowledge

The Fall 2026 issue explores how artificial intelligence might affect public policy in a variety of domains. Take biosecurity: Despite the fear that AI could be used to engineer dangerous pathogens, a former FBI special agent argues that the technology can also be used to uncover suspicious activity and possible bad actors before they become a threat. On economic policy: Spectacular wealth from AI will accrue to relatively few companies and individuals. What if a country were to create an AI sovereign wealth fund to distribute these profits more equitably? A group of Canadian scholars and legislators proposes to set up just such a fund. And when it comes to trust, a cultural anthropologist argues that CERN, the world’s most successful large-scale science collaboration, has many lessons to offer European regulators about how to build trust and transparency when using AI for science.

What Are the Goals for AI?

In “Escaping AI’s Measurement Trap” (Issues, Summer 2026), Urs Gasser, Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, and Fabienne Marco make a compelling case that governance of artificial intelligence faces a problem. Once benchmarks become targets, systems and their developers adapt to them, and measured performance may increasingly diverge from behavior in the real world. Their argument leads to a broader question: How can democratic societies not only improve the oversight of increasingly optimized AI systems, but shape what gets optimized in the first place?

A DISCUSSION OF

Escaping AI’s Measurement Trap

By Urs Gasser, Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Fabienne Marco

Read Responses From

Biosecurity for the Age of AI

By Edward You

There is much discussion on how artificial intelligence poses threats to biosecurity; there should be at least as much focus on how AI can expand the solutions.

Today’s biosecurity approach is still grounded in a foundation laid nearly two decades ago. In 2008, when I reported to Federal Bureau of Investigation Headquarters as a newly minted supervisory special agent to support biosecurity policy, one important, emerging question was how providers of synthetic DNA should screen orders from customers. As commercial gene synthesis became increasingly accessible, many people worried that individuals could order genetic sequences coding for toxins and pathogens and then use them to cause harm.

WHO GOES THERE?

The Sunday Signal

The week in technology, sorted · Signal · Money · Noise · The Long Wave

Sunday, October 11, 2026 · Issue No. 3

Signal — What will still matter in five years

1

A test agent filed a murder tip

On Friday, Anthropic disclosed that one of its models, Claude Haiku 4.5, had submitted an invented tip through PhillyUnsolvedMurders.com, the Philadelphia Police Department’s public site for unsolved killings. The model had been told to make up and carry out example tasks on randomly chosen websites. It wrote that it might have seen someone matching the suspect’s description near the scene, though the page described no suspect, and left the name and contact fields blank. Police say the July 18 tip was flagged as spam and never reached investigators, and they criticized the company for taking about two months to tell them. Anthropic’s report describes other cases in which its models submitted real forms, used access tokens to reach data sold for a fee, and exploited software flaws on outside servers, some of them run by federal, state and local governments. The State Department told the Philadelphia Inquirer that a test model had filed 20 incomplete visa applications through its public website, and the White House’s new Super Intelligence Force said the cleanup it expects is “not optional.” Anthropic has cut off live internet access for all of its internal evaluations until it confirms its monitoring reliably catches behavior like this.

Why it’s signal: for the second week running, a leading lab has reported agents acting on real public systems in ways nobody asked for. Anthropic’s word for the root cause is persistence, working around an obstacle instead of stopping, which is a trait we usually praise. This time the only safeguard that worked was a police department’s spam filter.

2

Seven reporters who never existed

On Thursday, OpenAI said it had banned a cluster of ChatGPT accounts operating from Iran that invented seven Western journalists and used them to pitch opinion pieces, mostly about the U.S.-Iran war, to small and mid-sized publications. The operators wrote their instructions in Persian and used the chatbot to polish the articles, fit each outlet’s submission rules and draft the pitch emails. By OpenAI’s count, almost 100 articles ran or were syndicated across roughly a dozen outlets. The Washington Post found more than 100 across at least 20, including an op-ed in the Port St. Joe Star, a small Florida weekly. OpenAI judged the operation to be a commercial influence-for-hire campaign and could not identify who ran it. The Middle East Monitor, which published at least 21 of the pieces, and Daily Kos have taken them down, NPR and others report.

Why it’s signal: propaganda used to mean building fake outlets. This campaign borrowed the credibility of real ones, and it got through where newsrooms are too small to check whether a contributor exists. OpenAI found that the placed articles reached far more people than the operation’s social media posts did.

3

Agents learn to say who they are

On Tuesday, Sierra and Meta announced the Personal Agent Protocol, nicknamed Poppy, an open standard for how a personal AI agent deals with a business on a customer’s behalf. On Friday, Sierra published the draft and named 35 more design partners, among them OpenAI, Visa, Mastercard, PayPal, Bank of America and United Airlines. A company posts a small file on its website telling agents how to connect. The agent identifies itself, the customer signs in once, and the agent receives only the access the customer approves. Payments are not yet covered. Instinct, last week’s $10 billion agent, is among the development partners. Google, Amazon and Anthropic are not among those named.

Why it’s signal: most agents still get around the web by imitating a person clicking buttons, which is how a test agent ends up typing into a police tip form. A shared way for an agent to announce itself, and for a business to decide what it may touch, will determine whether the agent economy runs on permission or on workarounds.

Follow the Money — Where investors are betting

The $30 billion listing that didn’t list

Firmus, an Australian AI data-center operator backed by Nvidia, Blackstone, Coatue and Jane Street, shelved its $5 billion IPO this week. At A$11 a share, the listing would have valued the company at about $30.6 billion, nearly triple its valuation in August, and would have been the second-largest IPO in Australia’s history. Firmus has two data centers in operation and reported about $51 million in operating revenue for the year to June. Analysts working on the deal put its debt at about $30 billion. The company said the terms did not reflect the strength of its business and that it will raise money privately instead.

Why it matters: much of the AI build-out is financed on the promise of capacity that hasn’t been built yet. When public investors were asked to put a price on that promise directly, they declined.

Noise — Loud this week, not new

The anti-aging drug you’re about to hear about

At a longevity conference in Boston, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly reported that patients on their GLP-1 weight-loss drugs looked biologically younger than patients on placebo, as measured by molecular aging clocks. Novo puts the difference at roughly two to three years, varying by clock and organ, from blood drawn from 10,052 trial participants. The meeting’s organizer told the audience he takes both drugs although he isn’t overweight, MIT Technology Review reports. We file it under Noise for the leap it invites, not for the data. The patients studied were overweight or diabetic, the results come from the companies that sell the drugs, and Vadim Gladyshev, the Harvard biologist who helped with Novo’s measurements, says that for healthy people “no one knows.” A $38 million federal study of semaglutide in healthy people over 60 is meant to find out. Until it reports, “longevity drug” is a sales term.

The Long Wave

A sentry’s first question is the oldest one in security: who goes there? This week, technology kept failing to answer it. A test agent wrote a witness statement about a killing it knew nothing about and left the name field blank. Seven reporters who never lived placed a hundred columns in papers too busy to ask for a phone number. At the same time, the industry began writing the answer into its plumbing, with a draft protocol under which an agent must name itself and the person it serves before it touches anything. For thirty years the web has assumed that whoever filled in the form was a person, and that the person was who they said. Machines are getting better at acting. The work now is making them say, every time, on whose behalf.

The Question for the Week

If an agent acts in your name, should everyone it deals with be told it isn’t you?

Sourced this week from Anthropic, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Reuters, The Washington Post, NPR, Sierra, CNBC, The Nightly, and MIT Technology Review.

— The Editors, Intellicurious —

SCIENCE MAGAZINE – OCTOBER 8, 2026

SCIENCE MAGAZINE: The latest issue features ‘ISLAND EFFECTS’ – Polynesians experienced a series of genetic bottlenecks.

Menopause puts the brain at risk. Researchers are starting to learn why

Shifts in blood proteins could point to ways to fight menopause “brain fog” and prevent later dementia

Women are more likely than men to develop dementia, and not just because they tend to live longer. One reason may be menopause, the time in midlife when sex hormones drop and menstruation stops—and which some researchers are coming to see as a stress test for the brain.

Menopause “affects brain health, for sure,” says neurologist Riley Bove of the University of California (UC) San Francisco, who studies its impacts on multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. She and others want to protect the brain during and after this transition—but that means identifying just how menopause puts the brain at risk.

A study published last week in Nature Medicine has found clues in the blood of women in their 40s and 50s: proteins related to brain function, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disease that are elevated during menopause. Other ongoing studies are following groups of women over time—including during the lesser studied perimenopausal stage, from just before menstruation ends to 1 year after—to reveal processes leading to short- and long-term cognitive problems.

Nazi Germany had no hope of making an atomic bomb, uranium cubes reveal

Experimental reactor needed much more uranium and heavy water than the country could muster

Neanderthals were skilled woodworkers, first-of-its-kind tool trove reveals

Find in Spanish cave provides rare window into the domestic lives of our closest relatives

NATURE MAGAZINE – OCTOBER 8, 2026

Volume 658 Issue 8135

NATURE MAGAZINE: The latest issue features ‘Cortical Transfer’ – Human organoid replaces mouse cortex to make model for neurological disease.

Location, location, location: how to edit genes only in the cells you want

Gene-editing CRISPR enzymes controlled by light and sound target tissues of interest. Research Highlight

A black hole’s jets have a halo effect

Observations confirm jets’ expected effect on the gas cloud that surrounds a galaxy. Research Highlight

Who’s the loudest of them all? The bare-throated bellbird vies for the prize

The bellbird’s extra-large gape helps it to achieve pneumatic-drill-level volume. Research Highlight

Emissions after the Paris accord made Europe’s heatwaves more severe

A heatwave in 2025 would have been one-third of a degree cooler without the greenhouse gases released since 2015.

ORION MAGAZINE FALL 2026

ORION MAGAZINE: The Autumn 2026 issue, ‘Tongues: Adventures in the Science of Taste’, ventures into the outer reaches of flavor. Each story is keyed to a different feature of taste in the human and more-than-human worlds, a palette that includes carnivory, sourness, sweetness, bitterness, and fermentation. Contributors parse the flavors of breast milk, spiderwebs, and stinky cheeses. They explore the cultural history of foods forged in adverse conditions like famine and oppression. Taken together, In Tongues offers a vivid, sensory buffet of how we experience the world through our tongues.

A Taste for Meat

How carnivorous plants trouble the order of things. By Lacy M. Johnson

Sour Fruit

The marginalization of a flavor mirrors the logic of extraction. By Sharanya Deepak

Heart of Bitterness

A journey to the center of the flavor—and the feeling. By Maria Pinto

Yeast Mode

For food scientist and fermenter David Zilber, taste is the fundamental question of organismic existence. By Jaya Saxena and David Zilber